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MS Saga Sapphire
MS ''Saga Sapphire'' is a cruise ship owned and operated by the cruise line, Saga Cruises II Ltd. It was originally built in 1981 by Bremer Vulkan, Germany for Hapag-Lloyd Cruises as MS ''Europa''. In 1999 ''Europa'' was sold to Star Cruises and it was renamed MS ''SuperStar Europe'' and year later MS ''Superstar Aries''. In 2004 she was sold to Pullmantur Cruises and renamed MS ''Holiday Dream''. In May 2008 she was transferred to the fleet of CDF Croisières de France and was renamed ''Bleu de France''.〔 In November 2010 the vessel was sold to Saga Cruises, but retained on charter by CDF for a further 12 months. Following an extensive refit in Italy from November 2011 to March 2012, the vessel was renamed ''Saga Sapphire''.
==Concept and construction==
Since its formation in 1970, Hapag-Lloyd operated the former North German Lloyd liner ''Europa'' (originally Swedish American Line's ''Kungsholm'') as the flagship of their cruise services. By the late 1970s the decision was made to replace the then-current ''Europa'' with a new state-of-the-art ship tailored specifically for the German cruise market, also to be called ''Europa''. The new ''Europa'' would be the third ship to bear the name in the North German Lloyd/Hapag-Lloyd fleet. Designed before the advent of the mega cruise ship, at 33,000 gross register tons the new ''Europa'' was to be amongst the largest passenger ships in the world at the time, surpassed only by the ocean liner RMS ''Queen Elizabeth 2'' and the cruise ship SS ''Norway'' (also originally an ocean liner).
The order for the new ''Europa'' was placed with the Bremer Vulkan shipyard in Bremen, the home city of North German Lloyd. The ship was launched on 22 December 1980, and delivered to her owners on 5 December 1981.〔
During her subsequent career the former ''Europa'' has undergone two notable rebuildings. First in 1999, in preparation for entering service with Star Cruises as ''SuperStar Europe'', the ship was docked at Sembawang shipyard in Singapore for a $15 million refit. The most notable external change was the addition of new balconies to the suites under the bridge wings.〔〔 In 2004 she was rebuilt again, this time in preparation for entering service with Pullmantur Cruises as ''Holiday Dream'', but then the rebuilding was mostly limited to redecorations of the public spaces.〔〔 She has recently gone through a 30 million € refit in Barcelona during the spring of 2008 to prepare for her transfer to the fleet of CDF Croisières de France.〔 〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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